Benkyō logoBenkyō

Sub-deck

L3: Grammar & Particles

18 cards available

Read this first

The polite ます-form is your daily-driver verb conjugation — it signals politeness and is what you'll hear constantly.

Verb groups:

  • Group 2 (iru/eru-verbs): drop る, add ます → たべる→たべます, みる→みます
  • Group 1 (u-verbs): shift final kana to the 'i' row + ます → のむ→のみます, かう→かいます
  • Irregulars: する→します, くる→きます (only two!)
  • Watch out: a short list of u-verb exceptions LOOK iru/eru but aren't — かえる (to return) → かえります

Deck Progress

18 cards

Mastery0/18 (0%)
Reviewed0/18 (0%)

Card preview

18 entries

Grammar

Particle を (direct object)

Marks the direct object of a verb. コーヒーをのみます。= I drink coffee. おんがくをききます。= I listen to music.

Grammar

Particle で (place of action)

Marks where an action takes place. カフェでコーヒーをのみます。= I drink coffee at a cafe. Don't confuse with に.

Grammar

Particle に (goal of movement)

Marks destination with movement verbs. がっこうにいきます。= I go to school. Also: うちにかえります。

Grammar

Particle へ (direction)

Read as 'e'. Interchangeable with に for direction. がっこうへいきます。= I go to school. Slightly softer/vaguer than に.

Grammar

Particle に (time)

Marks specific time of event. にちようびにいきます。Use with specific times/days. Do NOT use with relative words like きょう, あした, まいにち.

Grammar

に with time: when to use/not use

USE に: days of week (にちようびに), specific hours (さんじに), dates. DON'T use に: きょう, あした, まいにち, こんばん, しゅうまつ.

Grammar

Invitation: ~ませんか

Verb (negative masu) + か = 'Won't you...?' / 'Shall we...?'. えいがをみませんか。= Won't you watch a movie (with me)?

Grammar

Frequency adverbs

よく (often) > ときどき (sometimes) > あまり + neg (not much) > ぜんぜん + neg (not at all). Place before the verb.

Fill In

コーヒー__のみます。(I drink coffee.)

Fill In

カフェ__べんきょうします。(I study at a cafe.)

Fill In

がっこう__いきます。(I go to school.)

Fill In

どようび__えいがをみます。(I watch a movie on Saturday.)

Fill In

わたしはコーヒーを____のみません。(I don't drink coffee much.)

あまり

Translate

I usually eat breakfast at home.

たいていうちであさごはんをたべます。

Translate

Shall we go to a cafe on Saturday?

どようびにカフェにいきませんか。

Translate

I don't watch TV at all.

ぜんぜんテレビをみません。

Translate

I sometimes listen to music at school.

ときどきがっこうでおんがくをききます。

Translate

What time do you get up every day?

まいにちなんじにおきますか。